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A black cloak made of luxury black silk, worn on the head
20th century
Object Name: Cloak / Local Name: Abaya
Period: 20th century
Date: 1900-1999
Provenance: Qatar
Dimensions: 1.42cmx1.66cm, weight:700g
Medium: textile,silk,metal thread
Registration Number: QNM.2015.25.1
Place Of Discovery/Findspot:  Qatar
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Black Abaya called (Abaya Swaieya) which is a black silk Abaya made of fine silk. This is a head Abaya which as indicated, worn over the head. It has a small hand opening, and fine embroidery on the ends. It is important because it is the first outergarment to be called Abaya rather than Daffa . this began to get common in the sixties of last century before it turned into the now known shoulder worn Abaya. Full length open fronted cloak of black satin silk with armholes and narrow neck opening.
The cloak consists of two lengths of fabric joined along an angled central horizontal seam. The excess fabric at the seam has not been cut away.
There is a shoulder seam running along the arm span which has a narrow decorative metallic embroidery edging. Both the front edges have also been finished with a narrow decorative embroidered stitch.
Along the neckline, extending to the horizontal central seam, the metallic embroidery is wider with a more elaborate striped design. There are two metallic thread gold cord tassels at either side of the centre front.
The bottom edge, central seam and shoulder seam are all selvedges. All seams appear to be hand-stitched.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT QATAR
The Qatar Peninsula is surrounded by sea except in the south where it connects with its neighbours from the Arabian Peninsula. For hundreds of years people have shared the land, resources and knowledge inherited from their environment. With no fixed lifestyle in terms of time and place, people moved easily and freely between land and sea for trade, livestock, pearl diving, fishing, and hunting at various times throughout the year. This symbiotic relationship between the people and their environment was represented in the unity of their societies, including the exchange of knowledge, stories and the trading of available goods.

A distinctive characteristic of life on the Qatar Peninsula has long been the close association between the coast and the desert – al barr. Some desert tribes spent several months of the year in coastal cities, setting up semi-permanent residences to participate in pearl diving or fishing. Similarly, coastal residents occasionally moved to al barr during the winter to graze their livestock. This exchange of natural resources and the influence of different environments has contributed to the creation of a unique community.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT - REGION/GULF/WORLD
The presence of British, French and Dutch trading companies in the Gulf from the early 1600s brought uncertainty to the region, with unstable alliances and intense competition over trade routes. As trade flourished, however, the strength of the Arab tribes increased. Many Arab tribes moved from the interior of the Arabian Peninsula to Qatar, and by the 18th and 19th centuries, most of the major towns of the Gulf were founded. Several towns flourished on the Qatari coast, including Huwailah, Khor Hassan, Fuwairat, Ruwaida, Freiha, Al Bidda and Doha. The most notable was Al Zubara which became a hub for the Gulf pearl trade.
PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH
Ismael, Najla. 2003. Qatari Costume. 1. 150.,
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