These galleries present pivotal moments in Qatar's modern history, from 1500s to the present. These moments have made Qatar into the nation that we know today. Discover the leaders who have guided their people, the battles and events that have defined the nation and Qatar's vision for the future. The history of the nation unfolds through letters, newspapers, maps, artefacts, stamps, currency, historical photographs and testimonies of the people. They are witnesses to his crucial period, which continues to shape the development of the country and to enrichthe collective memory of the Qatari people.

Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani was born in 1932 in Al Rayyan. His mother was Sheikha Aisha bint Khalifa Al Sowaici. Sheikh Khalifa grew up with his father, the Heir Apparent. When his father passed away, Sheikh Khalifa lived with his grandfather, Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani.

With the guidance of his father and grandfather, Sheikh Khalifa gained skills and experience that prepared him for leadership roles early in his life. He was appointed Chairman of Security Affairs in 1949, Minister of Education in 1957, Heir Apparent and Deputy Ruler in 1960, and Minister of Finance in the same year. In 1970, he was appointed as the first Prime Minister of Qatar.

Sheikh Khalifa ruled from 1972 to 1995. His achievements include governmental organisation, the development of the oil industry and investment in education, including the establishment of Qatar University.

He was known as a passionate pearl collector, with a keen interest in history, horse riding, swimming and raising purebred camels.

Sheikh Khalifa had five sons and 13 daughters with his wives Sheikha Aisha bint Hamad Al Attiyah, the mother of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, and Sheikha Amna bint Hassan bin Abdullah Al Thani, Sheikha Rawda bint Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani and Sheikha Moza bint Ali bin Saud bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani.