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Fossilized skull of a marine crocodile from the Lower Miocene
Uplifting of the Qatar Peninsula (Miocene)
Object Name: Crocodile Skull
Period: Uplifting of the Qatar Peninsula (Miocene)
Date: 23–5 Million Years Ago
Dimensions: 85mm height, 250 mm width,810 depth
Medium: fossil
Registration Number: QNM.2015.8
Place Of Discovery/Findspot:  Dammam formation South west Qatar-
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The fossil crocodylian skull, found in 2005 in southwest Qatar just east of the Salwa Road near the Saudi border, The dorsal surface of the skull is exposed, and preservation renders many elements cracked and weathered, yet sutures separating the bones are clear. The long, narrow snout is represented by premaxillae, maxillae and nasals but elements immediately anterior to the orbits are more difficult to interpret. The elements forming the orbits and skull roof are well preserved. They reveal large, trapezoidal orbits and expansive, ovoid supratemporal fenestrae for the attachment of jaw musculature. Measuring 81 cm in total length, the skull has a maximum width of 29 cm measured at the jugals and a narrowest snout width of 9.5 cm. The rostrum accounts for 70 percent of the skull’s length and the post-rostrum represents 30 percent. The skull's features indicate the fossil species is a tomistomine, closely resembling a number of European and African species from the same time period, but with notable differences in proportions of elements and the shape of their sutural contacts.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT QATAR
At the beginning of this period, Qatar was covered by shallow tropical waters. Sea turtles, marine crocodiles and dugongs all lived here.
Later, the Qatar peninsula gradually rose above sea level. The climate was much more humid than today, and Qatar was covered by grasslands and rivers. Ancient species of freshwater crocodiles, ostriches, elephants and giraffes walked the land.
LOCATE ON QATAR MAP
Dammam formation South west Qatar-